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CAPITULUM XII. DE MODO FACIENDI ALIUD CAMUM QUOD DUCETUR CUM VENTO. ET SINE BESTIJS QUOD CUM FURORE CURRET PER CAMPOS PLANOS PRO CONFUNDENDO OMNEM. EXERCITUM Ad ducendum aliud carrum cum vento sic fia[n]t due rote carri anteriores dico anteriores illas que sunt sine tumone / quia debent ante duci / fiant alte brachiis quatuor ut dictum est et una ex istis duabus rotis carri debet esse infuselata et alia debet esse indentata deversus carrum longe / a ripa rote exterioris una spana / et super lecto carri per transversum ponantur quinque ligna grossa ut brachium / scilicet ante et retro ipsas rotas taliter posita et longa quod super ipsis lignis fundetur una domus rotunda cum ipsis duabus rotis intra domum reclusis ita quod iste due rote remaneant in media domo et alie due rote cum tumone remaneant extra domum et iste rote posteriores sint longe ab alijs tantum ut videbitur operanti. Et ista domus facta de assidibus sit alta sic rotunda brachiis Vl vel plus vel minus ut videbitur operanti et extra ipsam domum / vel in medio domus fiat unum coraterium aspaldum / taliter quod ab una parte et ab altera unus homo possit ipsam domum circuere. Et in capite istius domus sit una rota rotunda plane iacente cavata in medio / et in ipsa cavatura sint multe roele parve cum cavigiis ferri longe una ab altera uno semisse et super istis ruellis ponatur alia rota rotunda et volvatur super ipsis ruellis recte sicut fiunt molendina de vento / et super ipsa rota ponatur una arbor que superet ultra rotam brachio I ab uno capite in quo firmetur una vella sic [...] facta posita in cruce in illo [...] brachio quod superet ultra rotam sive domum / et ab [...] alio capite arboris superet tantum ultra domum quod unus homo stans super coratorio domus possit dictam arborem cum spacula volvere cum rota super quo est sicut fiunt molendina de vento. Et in ista arbore prope medium arboris / ponatur una magna rota indentata ab una parte / et sub illa arbore sit firmatum unum lignum per tra[n]sversum taliter quod non tangat arborem / et sit firmatum in rota superiore / et in isto ligno per mediam arborem sit firmatum ab uno capite intus unum ferrum quadratum grossum longum tantum quod attingat ab uno ligno usque super lecto carri quod est circa brachia III et in isto ferro ponantur circumquaque fusele sic quod adequentur cum dentibus rote arboris in isto ferro de subtus fuselis ponantur quatuor anuli per squadras ut rota iacens possit teneri recta de qua dicetur infra et in fundo ipsius ferri super lecto carri ponatur una narigia ferri sic facta […] super quam ponatur pes ipsius ferri acuati sic quod ferrum volvatur super ipsa narigia / et istud ferrum sit sic positum quod magis sit prope versus unam rotam carri scilicet quantum est grossum parvus cugnonus quam versus aliam. Et ideo oportet quod domus rota rotunda sit magis lata versus rotam infuselatam quantum est grosicies parvi cuguoni quam versus rotam indentatam / ad hoc ut ferrum recte cadat in medio domus. Et super lecto carri in illo ferro sit posita una rota indentata circumquaque deforis iacens super lecto carri alta a lecto duobus digitis et ista rota sit fortiter firmata in ipso ferro grosso / et longata cum ipsis anulis / et sit adequata ab una parte cum rota carri taliter quod dentes ipsius rote intrent fusellas per unius rote carri tantum / et ab alia parte intus istam rotam iacentem / et aliam rotam carri sit positum in medio [...] unum cagnionum sic factum [...] in quo volvantur dentes rote iacentis et dentes ipsius rote carri quia ista rota carri debet habere dentes / sic quod una rota carri erit indentata. Et hec completa cum flaverit ventus ducetur arbor cum rota sua / et rota ducet cuginonem longuum cum ferro longuo / et ipsum ferrum ducet rotam iacentem / et ipsa rota ducet ab una parte rotam carri / et ab alia parte ducet aliam rotam indentatam mediante illo parvo cuginone Que omnia pertinent ad magistrum molendinorum et maxime de vento / quia hoc edificium accepi ad similitudinem molendinorum de vento. Et ipsa domus fiat incastefiata / et imbateglata ut videbitur operanti. Et ut carum non possit cadere ponantur in domo de intus duo ligna grossa ut grossum brachium tenentes in altum de versus terram elevatos / a terra brachium I unum ab una parte / et aliud ab alia ultra rota ut videbitur operanti / et in fundo ipsorurn lignorum sint due parve ruelle sic facte [...]. Et quia ventus non semper currit fiant super rota iacentis plura foramina grossa prope ripam exteriorem per quatuor digitos / et in ipsis foraminibus firmentur cavigie de ligno forti alto uno brachio et plus et plures homines stantes circumquaque rote trahent ipsam rotam manibus circumquaque. Et super lecto carri extra domum in medio aliarum duarum rotarum que volvuntur cum cumone si videbitur operanti posse fieri illa artificia que scripta sunt superius in alio carro scilicet volvendo rotas cum amanegijs fiat / et poterit duci istud earum simul cum vento et sine vento. Et producendo istud carum rectum / et revolvendo per transversum volvatur de retro cum cumone sicut dictum est de alio carro. Et ad hoc ut rote carri possint in pecijs aportari ponantur gavilia in axis ab una parte / et ab alia / ut possint in una bala colligi / et ad contrarium ponantur duo grossa catenacia / et pro quolibet gavilio una cavigia ferri / et cum fuerint necesse firmentur et fortiter inclavelentur in rota secundum quod melius videbitur operanti. Et sic completa sunt carra que ducentur sine bestijs / cum vento et sine vento / que omnia poterunt in pecijs super equo aportari et in una die vel nocte ipsa edificare pro quibus multa bona consequentur pro terra sancta conquirenda. [Ostuni 1993, 160-64]

CHAPTER XII. ON THE WAY OF MAKING A SECOND WAGGON WHICH IS PROPELLED BY THE WIND WITHOUT DRAUGHT-ANIMALS, AND WHICH DASHES VIOLENTLY OVER OPEN COUNTRY TO THE CONFUSION OF ALL TROOPS (Fig. 19). For propelling another waggon by the wind proceed thus: let the two fore-wheels of the waggon be made two yards high as aforesaid—I call those the fore-wheels that do not have the shafts because these ought to precede—and one of these two wheels of the waggon is to be fitted with rundles and the other is to be toothed on the side towards the waggon at a distance of one span frorn the outer rim of the wheel; and transversely above the bed of the waggon five timbers are fastened each as thick as an arm, that is to say before and behind those wheels, being so placed and so long that a round "house" may be built upon them enclosing these two wheels; so that these two [fore-]wheels remain within the "house" and the other two wheels with the shafts remain outside the "house"; and these two rear wheels [with the shafts] are as far removed from the [fore-]wheels as the maker thinks fit. And this "house" is made of planks, three yards high and three round [that is, in diameter], more or less, as the maker judges; and either inside or outside the "house” a palisaded gallery is to be made so that a man may pass round the "house" from one side to the other. And on the top of the "house" is a round wheel lying flat which is hollowed out inwardly and in the hollow are many little wheels [fixed] with iron pins at a distance of nine inches one from another, and upon those wheels is placed another round wheel so that it may turn about upon the little wheels in the proper way, just as they do in windmills; and upon that [upper] wheel is fitted an axle [windshaft] which protrudes beyond the wheel for half a yard at one end; on this extension a sail made thus is fitted crosswise, on the arm that sticks out beyond the wheel or the "house". And at the other end the windshaft protrudes only so far beyond the "house" that a man standing on the gallery of the "house" can move the windshaft round (with the wheel upon which it rests) using a lever, as is done in windmills. About the middle of the windshaft there is fixed to it a great wheel toothed on one side; and below the windshaft is fixed a single crosswise timber (so that it does not touch the windshaft), and this is mounted upon the [upper bearing-]wheel. And in the middle of that timber is mounted one end of [another] arbor [of iron], within a thick square [plate] of iron, the arbor being long enough to reach from the single [crosswise] timber down to the bed of the waggon, which is about a yard and a half. And all around that iron [arbor] rundles are fixed so that they may engage with the teeth of the [great] wheel on the windshaft. And below the rundles four rings are fixed [welded?] at right angles to the iron [arbor] so that the horizontal wheel mentioned below may be properly held firm. And at the bottom of that iron [arbor] an iron narigia [?bearing] is placed upon the bed of the waggon, made thus, upon which rests the foot of that pointed iron [arbor] so that the iron [arbor] revolves upon that bearing; and that iron [arbor] is so positioned that it is closer to one wheel of the waggon than to the other by the breadth of the little pinion [see below]. And so the round wheel of the "house" must be broader [i.e. be placed off-centre] towards that wheel of the waggon which is fitted with rundles than towards the waggon-wheel fitted with cogs by the breadth of this little pinion, so that the iron [arbor] may hang down properly inside the "house". And just above the bed of the waggon a wheel is fastened to that iron arbor which is cogged all the way round outside; this lies [horizontally] over the waggon-bed, two inches above it, and is firmly attached to that thick iron [arbor] by those rings. This toothed wheel engages on one side with the waggon-wheel in such a way that its teeth enter the rundles of one single wheel of the waggon only; on the other side between the horizontal wheel and the other waggon-wheel a little pinion made thus is placed in the middle. Both the teeth of the horizontal wheel and the teeth of the [second) waggon-wheel—for this must be fitted with cogs—revolve in [engagement with] this little pinion. Thus one waggon-wheel has [rundles and the other] teeth. And when all is done and the wind blows, the windshaft is driven round with its [great] wheel, and that wheel drives the long pinion and the long iron [arbor] which in turn revolves the horizontal wheel and that wheel drives a waggon-wheel [directly] on one side, and on the other side drives the other, toothed wheel of the waggon through that little pinion indirectly. All these matters are the concern of the master millwright and especially the master windmill-wright, for I have based this structure on a likeness to windmills. And the "house" itself may be fortified and castellated as the maker sees fit. And to prevent the waggon toppling over two timbers as thick as a big arm are attached to the "house", [extending] on either side of the waggon beyond the wheels as the maker sees fit from the height [of the "house"] towards the ground, but [terminating] half a yard above the ground. And at the ends of those timbers are two small wheels made thus [to run on the ground]. And because the wind does not always blow let them make many large holes four inches from the outer rim of the horizontal wheel [at the lower end of the iron arbor] and let strong wooden capstan-bars half a yard or more long be fixed in these holes, so that many men standing all around that wheel can heave it around by hand. And, if the maker shall see fit, the other devices described above for the other waggon can be employed outside the "house" and above the bed of the waggon between the other two wheels which pivot with the shafts [these are now the rear wheels]; that is to say these wheels may be revolved by [crank-]handles and the waggon may be propelled either by the wind or without the wind. And in order to drive it straight and steer it [the fore-carriage] with the shafts is to be reversed, as was said of the other waggon. And in order that the wheels of the waggon may be portable in pieces let the felloes be linked by hinges placed this way and that so that they may be folded up into a package and on the opposite side are fastened locking-bolts; and each felloe has an iron pin [at its end]; and when necessary these are strongly and firmly nailed together into a wheel as the maker judges best. And thus waggons are finished which are propelled without draught-animals and without wind, of which every part can be carried in pieces on horseback and the assembled in a single day or night, from which may ensue much of benefit to the recovery of the Holy Land. [Guido da Vigevano 1976, 28f.]